nkhani

Mlongoti wa fupa la nsomba

Mlongoti wa Fishbone, womwe umatchedwanso mlongoti wa m'mphepete, ndi mawonekedwe afupiafupi omwe akulandira mlongoti.Nthawi ndi nthawi ndi magulu awiri olumikizana pa intaneti a symmetric oscillator, ma symmetric oscillator amalandiridwa pambuyo pa kaphatikizidwe kakang'ono ka capacitor pa intaneti.Kumapeto kwa mzere wosonkhanitsa, ndiko kuti, mapeto akuyang'anizana ndi njira yolankhulirana, kukana kofanana ndi khalidwe la impedance ya mzere wosonkhanitsira kumalumikizidwa, ndipo mapeto ena amagwirizanitsidwa ndi wolandira kudzera mwa wodyetsa.Poyerekeza ndi mlongoti wa rhombus, mlongoti wa fishbone uli ndi ubwino wa sidelobe yaying'ono (ndiko kuti, mphamvu yolandirira mwamphamvu kumbali yaikulu ya lobe, mphamvu yofooka yolandira mbali zina), kuyanjana kochepa pakati pa tinyanga ndi malo ang'onoang'ono;Zoyipa ndizochepa, kukhazikitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.

Mlongoti wa antenna

Amatchedwanso mlongoti.Zimapangidwa ndi ndodo zingapo zachitsulo, imodzi mwa iyo ndi radiator, chowonetsera chachitali kumbuyo kwa radiator, ndi zochepa zazing'ono kutsogolo kwa radiator.The opindika theka - wave oscillator nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu radiator.Kuwongolera kwakukulu kwa ma radiation kwa mlongoti ndikofanana ndi komwe akulozera kwa kalozera.Mlongoti wa Yagi uli ndi ubwino wamapangidwe osavuta, opepuka komanso amphamvu, odyetsa bwino;Kuipa: yopapatiza pafupipafupi gulu ndi osauka odana kusokoneza.Mapulogalamu mu ultrashort wave communication ndi radar.

Mlongoti wa antenna

Ili ndi mbale yachitsulo ndi waya wachitsulo mitundu iwiri.Zina mwa izo, ndi mbale yachitsulo ya fan, ndi mtundu wa waya wazitsulo.Mlongoti wamtunduwu umakulitsa ma frequency band chifukwa umachulukitsa gawo la mlongoti.Mawaya agawo la mawaya amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mawaya achitsulo atatu, anayi kapena asanu.Ma antenna a gawo amagwiritsidwa ntchito polandila ma ultrashort wave.

Mlongoti wamtundu wawiri

Mlongoti wa ma cones awiri amakhala ndi ma cones awiri okhala ndi nsonga zoyang'ana, ndipo amadya pamwamba pa ma cones.Koniyo imatha kupangidwa ndi chitsulo pamwamba, waya kapena mauna.Monga ngati mlongoti wa khola, gulu lafupipafupi la mlongoti limakulitsidwa pamene gawo la mlongoti likuwonjezeka.The double cone antenna imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polandila ma ultrashort wave.

Parabolic mlongoti

Mlongoti wa paraboloid ndi mlongoti wa microwave wolunjika womwe umapangidwa ndi chowunikira komanso chowunikira komanso radiator yomwe imayikidwa pakatikati kapena pakatikati pa chowunikira cha paraboloid.Mafunde amagetsi opangidwa ndi radiator amawonetsedwa ndi paraboloid, kupanga mtengo wolunjika kwambiri.

Parabolic reflector yopangidwa ndi zitsulo zokhala ndi madulidwe abwino, pali makamaka njira zinayi zotsatirazi: kuzungulira kwa paraboloid, cylindrical paraboloid, kudula kozungulira kwa paraboloid ndi elliptic edge paraboloid, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndikuzungulira paraboloid ndi cylindrical paraboloid.Half wave oscillator, open waveguide, slotted waveguide ndi zina zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma radiator.

Mlongoti wa parabolic uli ndi ubwino wamapangidwe osavuta, kuwongolera kwamphamvu komanso bandi yayikulu yogwiritsira ntchito pafupipafupi.Zoyipa zake ndi izi: chifukwa radiator ili m'munda wamagetsi wa chiwonetsero cha parabolic, chowunikira chimakhala ndi chochita chachikulu kwa radiator, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kupeza mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa mlongoti ndi wodyetsa.The ma radiation kumbuyo ndi yaikulu;Kuchepa kwa chitetezo;Mkulu kupanga mwatsatanetsatane.Mlongoti umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polumikizirana ma microwave, kulumikizana kwa tropospheric scatter, radar ndi kanema wawayilesi.

Nyanga paraboloid mlongoti

Nyanga ya paraboloid ya nyanga imakhala ndi magawo awiri: nyanga ndi paraboloid.Paraboloid imakwirira nyanga, ndipo nsonga ya nyanga ili pakatikati pa paraboloid.Nyanga ndi radiator, imatulutsa mafunde a electromagnetic kupita ku paraboloid, mafunde a electromagnetic pambuyo pa chiwonetsero cha paraboloid, cholunjika mumtengo wopapatiza wotulutsidwa.Ubwino wa nyanga ya paraboloid antenna ndi: chowonetsera sichimakhudzidwa ndi radiator, radiator ilibe chitetezo pamafunde owonetseredwa, ndipo mlongoti umagwirizana bwino ndi chipangizo chodyera;Ma radiation am'mbuyo ndi ochepa;Chitetezo chachikulu;The opareshoni pafupipafupi gulu lalikulu kwambiri;Kapangidwe kosavuta.Horn paraboloid antennas amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polumikizana ndi thunthu.

Mlongoti wa nyanga

Amatchedwanso mlongoti wa Angle.Zimapangidwa ndi mawonekedwe a yunifolomu ndi nyanga ya waveguide yokhala ndi gawo lowonjezera pang'onopang'ono.Mlongoti wa nyanga uli ndi mitundu itatu: mlongoti wa nyanga ya nyanga, mlongoti wa nyanga ya nyanga.Mnyanga wa Horn ndi imodzi mwa tinyanga ta microwave zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati radiator.ubwino wake ndi lonse ntchito pafupipafupi gulu;Choyipa chake ndi chokulirapo, ndipo pamlingo womwewo, mayendedwe ake sakhala akuthwa ngati mlongoti wa parabolic.

Mlongoti wa lens wa nyanga

Amapangidwa ndi nyanga ndi mandala omwe amaikidwa pa nyanga, choncho amatchedwa nyanga ya lens antenna.Onani mlongoti wa lens pa mfundo ya mandala.Mlongoti wamtunduwu uli ndi bandi yogwira ntchito motalikirapo, ndipo ili ndi chitetezo chokwera kuposa mlongoti wa parabolic.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu microwave thunthu kulankhulana ndi ambiri njira.

Mlongoti wa lens

Mu gulu la centimeter, mfundo zambiri za kuwala zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ku tinyanga.Mu Optics, mafunde ozungulira omwe amawunikiridwa ndi gwero la nsonga pomwe pamakhala disolo amatha kusinthidwa kukhala mafunde andege powunikiridwa kudzera mu mandala.Mlongoti wa lens umapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo imeneyi.Zimapangidwa ndi lens ndi radiator yomwe imayikidwa pakatikati pa disolo.Pali mitundu iwiri ya mlongoti wa mandala: mlongoti wa dielectric wotsitsa ma lens ndi mlongoti wachitsulo wothamanga.Magalasi amapangidwa ndi otsika - kutayika kwambiri - pafupipafupi sing'anga, wandiweyani pakati ndi woonda mozungulira.Mafunde ozungulira omwe amachokera ku gwero la radiation amachedwetsedwa pamene akudutsa mu lens ya dielectric.Chifukwa chake mafunde ozungulira amakhala ndi njira yayitali yochepetsera pakati pa disolo, ndi njira yayifupi yochepetsera pozungulira.Zotsatira zake, mafunde ozungulira amadutsa mu lens ndikukhala mafunde a ndege, ndiko kuti, ma radiation amakhala olunjika.Lens imakhala ndi zitsulo zingapo zazitali zazitali zomwe zimayikidwa mofananiza.Chitsulo chachitsulo chimakhala chokhazikika pansi, ndipo chikayandikira pakati, chimakhala chachifupi.Mafunde amafanana ndi mbale yachitsulo

Kufalitsa kwapakatikati kumafulumizitsa.Pamene funde lozungulira lochokera ku gwero la radiation likudutsa mu lens yachitsulo, limafulumizitsa njira yayitali pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa mandala ndi njira yayifupi pakati.Zotsatira zake, mafunde ozungulira omwe amadutsa mu lens yachitsulo amakhala mafunde a ndege.

Mlongoti wa lens uli ndi ubwino wotsatirawu:

1. Lobe yam'mbali ndi lobe yakumbuyo ndi yaying'ono, kotero chithunzi chowongolera ndi chabwino;

2. Kulondola kwa kupanga lens sipamwamba, kotero ndikosavuta kupanga.Zoyipa zake ndizochepa, kapangidwe kake kovutirapo komanso mtengo wapamwamba.Ma lens antennas amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi ma microwave.

Mlongoti wa slot

Malo amodzi kapena angapo opapatiza amatsegulidwa pa mbale yayikulu yachitsulo ndikudyetsedwa ndi mzere wa coaxial kapena waveguide.Mlongoti womwe umapangidwa motere umatchedwa slotted antenna, womwe umadziwikanso kuti slit antenna.Kuti mupeze ma radiation a unidirectional, chibowo chimapangidwa kumbuyo kwa mbale yachitsulo, ndipo poyambira amadyetsedwa mwachindunji ndi waveguide.Mlongoti wotsekemera uli ndi mawonekedwe osavuta komanso osatuluka, choncho ndi oyenera ndege zothamanga kwambiri.Choyipa chake ndikuti ndizovuta kuyimba.

Dielectric antenna

Dielectric antenna ndi chotsika chotsika kwambiri cha dielectric (nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi polystyrene) chopangidwa ndi ndodo yozungulira, mbali imodzi yomwe imadyetsedwa ndi chingwe cha coaxial kapena waveguide.2 ndikuwonjezera kwa woyendetsa wamkati wa mzere wa coaxial, kupanga oscillator kuti asangalatse mafunde amagetsi;3 ndi mzere wa coaxial;4 ndi manja achitsulo.Ntchito ya manja sikuti kumangoletsa ndodo ya dielectric, komanso kuwonetsa mafunde amagetsi, kuti muwonetsetse kuti mafunde amagetsi amasangalatsidwa ndi woyendetsa wamkati wa mzere wa coaxial ndikufalikira kumapeto kwaulele kwa ndodo ya dielectric. .Ubwino wa mlongoti wa dielectric ndi kukula kochepa komanso kolowera chakuthwa.Choyipa chake ndikuti sing'angayo ndi yotayika ndipo chifukwa chake ndi yosakwanira.

Periscope antenna

Polumikizana ndi ma microwave, tinyanga nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa pazithandizo zapamwamba kwambiri, kotero kuti zodyetsa zazitali zimafunika kudyetsa tinyanga.Kudyetsa nthawi yayitali kumayambitsa zovuta zambiri, monga mawonekedwe ovuta, kutayika kwamphamvu kwamphamvu, kupotoza komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwunikira kwamphamvu pamphambano ya feeder, ndi zina zambiri. Kuti mugonjetse zovutazi, mlongoti wa periscope ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito, womwe umakhala ndi galasi locheperako lokhazikika. pansi ndi chowonetsera chapamwamba chagalasi choyikidwa pa bulaketi.Radiyeta yapagalasi yapansi nthawi zambiri imakhala ngati mlongoti, ndipo chowonetsera chapamwamba chagalasi ndi mbale yachitsulo.Radiyeta yapagalasi yotsika imatulutsa mafunde a electromagnetic m'mwamba ndikuwawonetsa kuchokera ku mbale yachitsulo.Ubwino wa mlongoti wa periscope ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu, kupotoza pang'ono komanso kuchita bwino kwambiri.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polumikizirana ma microwave ndi mphamvu yaying'ono.

Mlongoti wozungulira

Ndi mlongoti wokhala ndi mawonekedwe a helical.Amapangidwa ndi conductive zabwino zitsulo helix, kawirikawiri ndi coaxial mzere chakudya, coaxial mzere pakati mzere ndi mapeto a helix chikugwirizana, kondakitala kunja kwa mzere coaxial ndi pansi zitsulo maukonde (kapena mbale) chikugwirizana.Kuwongolera kwa ma radiation kwa mlongoti wa helical kumagwirizana ndi kuzungulira kwa helix.Pamene circumference wa helix ndi laling'ono kwambiri kuposa wavelength, malangizo amphamvu cheza ndi perpendicular kwa olamulira a helix.Pamene circumference wa helix ndi dongosolo la wavelength imodzi, cheza amphamvu kwambiri kumachitika motsatira olamulira a helix.

Chochunira cha antenna

Netiweki yofananira yolumikizira yomwe imalumikiza cholumikizira ndi mlongoti, yotchedwa antenna tuner.Kulowetsedwa kwa mlongoti kumasiyana kwambiri ndi ma frequency, pomwe kusokoneza kwa transmitter ndikotsimikizika.Ngati transmitter ndi mlongoti zikugwirizana mwachindunji, pamene mafupipafupi a transmitter kusintha, impedance mismatch pakati transmitter ndi mlongoti kuchepetsa mphamvu ya ma radiation.Pogwiritsa ntchito chochunira cha mlongoti, ndizotheka kufananiza cholepheretsa pakati pa cholumikizira ndi mlongoti kuti mlongoti ukhale ndi mphamvu yowunikira kwambiri nthawi iliyonse.Ma antenna tuner amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamawayilesi apansi, magalimoto, sitima ndi mawayilesi afupiafupi.

Log nthawi ndi mlongoti

Ndi mlongoti wamagulu ambiri, kapena mlongoti wodziyimira pawokha pafupipafupi.Ndi mlongoti wosavuta wa log-periodic womwe kutalika kwake ndi magawo ake zimayenderana ndi ubale wotsatirawu: dipole τ imadyetsedwa ndi chingwe cholumikizira mawaya awiri, chomwe chimasinthidwa pakati pa dipoles zoyandikana.Mlongoti uwu uli ndi mawonekedwe oti mawonekedwe aliwonse pafupipafupi F amabwerezedwa pafupipafupi ndi τ kapena f, pomwe n ndi nambala.Mafupipafupi onsewa amagawidwa mofanana pa chipika, ndipo nthawiyo ndi yofanana ndi chipika cha τ.Chifukwa chake dzina logarithmic periodic antenna.Log-periodic antennas amangobwereza nthawi ndi nthawi mawonekedwe a radiation ndi mawonekedwe a impedance.Koma pamapangidwe oterowo, ngati τ sikuchepera 1, kusintha kwake kwa nthawi kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, kotero sikudalira pafupipafupi.Pali mitundu yambiri ya tinyanga ta log-periodic, monga mlongoti wa dipole wa log-periodic ndi mlongoti wa monopole, mlongoti wa log-periodic resonant V woboola pakati, log-periodic spiral antenna, ndi zina zambiri.Tinyanga izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magulu omwe ali pamwamba pa mafunde aafupi komanso aafupi.