nkhani

Tsogolo la 5G kuchokera pakuwona kwa ogwirira ntchito pamodzi: Kusinthika kosalekeza kwa ukadaulo wamagulu ambiri a antenna.

Malinga ndi Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, kumapeto kwa June chaka chino, malo oyambira a 961,000 a 5G anali atamangidwa, 365 miliyoni 5G mafoni a m'manja anali olumikizidwa, zomwe zimawerengera zoposa 80 peresenti ya dziko lonse lapansi, ndipo panali zina zambiri. kuposa milandu 10,000 ya 5G yogwiritsa ntchito zatsopano ku China.

Kukula kwa 5G ku China kuli mwachangu, koma sikukwanira.Posachedwapa, kuti apange maukonde a 5G okhala ndi kufalikira kokulirapo komanso mozama, China Telecom ndi China Unicom adapeza pamodzi masiteshoni a 240,000 2.1g 5G, ndipo China Mobile ndi wailesi ndi wailesi yakanema adapeza limodzi masiteshoni a 480,000 700M 5G, ndi ndalama zonse za 58. biliyoni yuan.

Makampaniwa amayang'anitsitsa kwambiri zomwe opanga akugulitsa kunyumba ndi akunja, ndipo timapeza momwe 5G ikuyendera kuchokera kuzinthu ziwirizi.Ogwira ntchito samangoganizira zomwe akugwiritsa ntchito monga 5G network network ndi liwiro, komanso kulabadira kufalikira kwa maukonde a 5G komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa.

5G yakhala ikugulitsidwa kwa zaka pafupifupi ziwiri ndipo ikuyembekezeka kufika 1.7 miliyoni kumapeto kwa chaka chino, ndi mamiliyoni angapo masiteshoni a 5G omwe adzamangidwe m'zaka zikubwerazi (pali pafupi 6 miliyoni 4G base ku China ndi zina zambiri. 5G ikubwera).

Ndiye 5G ipita kuti kuchokera theka lachiwiri la 2021?Kodi opareshoni amamanga bwanji 5G?Wolembayo amapeza mayankho omwe sananyalanyazidwe pakufunika kogulira zinthu pamodzi komanso woyendetsa ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wa 5G m'malo osiyanasiyana.

1, ngati ili ndi zabwino zambiri pakumanga maukonde a 5G

Ndi kuzama kwa malonda a 5G ndi kupititsa patsogolo kwa 5G kulowetsedwa kwa 5G, mafoni a m'manja akuwonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo anthu adzakhala ndi zofunikira zapamwamba pa liwiro ndi kufalikira kwa intaneti ya 5G.Zambiri zochokera ku ITU ndi mabungwe ena zikuwonetsa kuti pofika chaka cha 2025, DOU yogwiritsa ntchito 5G yaku China idzakula kuchokera ku 15GB mpaka 100GB (26GB padziko lonse lapansi), ndipo kuchuluka kwa maulumikizidwe a 5G kudzafika 2.6 biliyoni.

Momwe mungakwaniritsire tsogolo la 5G komanso mogwira mtima komanso motchipa kumanga maukonde apamwamba kwambiri a 5G okhala ndi kufalikira kwakukulu, kuthamanga kwachangu komanso malingaliro abwino lakhala vuto lachangu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito pakadali pano.Kodi onyamula ayenera kuchita chiyani?

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi gulu lovuta kwambiri.M'tsogolomu, magulu otsika kwambiri monga 700M, 800M ndi 900M, magulu apakati pafupipafupi monga 1.8G, 2.1g, 2.6G ndi 3.5g, ndi magulu apamwamba a millimeter wave adzakwezedwa ku 5G.Koma chotsatira, ogwira ntchito ayenera kuganizira kuti ndi mawonedwe ati omwe angakwaniritse zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito a 5G.

Choyamba yang'anani pafupipafupi otsika.Otsika pafupipafupi gulu zizindikiro ndi bwino malowedwe, ubwino Kuphunzira, otsika maukonde kumanga ndi kukonza ndalama, ndi ena ogwira ntchito olemera mu pafupipafupi gulu chuma, amene ali ndi zokwanira mu gawo loyamba la kumanga maukonde.

Ogwiritsa ntchito 5G m'magulu otsika pafupipafupi amakumananso ndi zovuta zosokoneza kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwapaintaneti pang'onopang'ono.Malinga ndi mayesowo, liwiro la otsika gulu 5G ndi 1.8 nthawi mofulumira kuposa 4G netiweki ndi chimodzimodzi otsika gulu, amene akadali m'gulu la makumi a Mbps.Titha kunena kuti ndi netiweki yapang'onopang'ono ya 5G ndipo siyingakwaniritse zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito akufuna kudziwa ndi chidziwitso cha 5G.

Chifukwa cha mndandanda wamakampani ocheperako otsika pafupipafupi, ma network awiri okha a 800M 5G adatulutsidwa padziko lapansi pano, pomwe ma network a 900M 5G sanatulutsidwebe.Chifukwa chake, ndikoyambika kwambiri kulimanso 5G pa 800M/900M.Zikuyembekezeka kuti gulu lamakampani lizitha kuyenda bwino pambuyo pa 2024.

Ndipo mafunde a millimeter.Ogwira ntchito akugwiritsa ntchito 5G mu mafunde afupipafupi a millimeter, omwe amatha kubweretsa ogwiritsa ntchito mofulumira kutumizira deta, koma mtunda wotumizira ndi waufupi, kapena cholinga cha gawo lotsatira la zomangamanga.Izi zikutanthauza kuti ogwira ntchito ayenera kupanga masiteshoni ambiri a 5G ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri.Mwachiwonekere, kwa ogwira ntchito pakali pano, kupatulapo zofunikira za malo otentha, zochitika zina sizoyenera kupanga ma frequency band.

Ndipo potsiriza sipekitiramu.Ogwira ntchito akumanga 5G pakati pa gulu lapakati, lomwe lingathe kupereka maulendo apamwamba a deta komanso kuchuluka kwa deta kuposa mawonekedwe apansi.Poyerekeza ndi ma sipekitiramu apamwamba, imatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa masiteshoni oyambira ndikuchepetsa mtengo womanga maukonde a ogwira ntchito.Kuphatikiza apo, maulalo am'mafakitale monga ma terminal chip ndi zida za base station ndi okhwima kwambiri.

Choncho, m'maganizo a wolemba, m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi, ogwira ntchito adzayang'anabe pa ntchito yomanga masiteshoni a 5G pakatikati, ophatikizidwa ndi magulu ena afupipafupi.Mwanjira iyi, ogwira ntchito amatha kupeza malire pakati pa kufalikira, mtengo ndi mphamvu.

Malinga ndi THE GSA, pali maukonde opitilira 160 5G padziko lonse lapansi, anayi apamwamba ndi ma 3.5g network (123), 2.1G network (21), 2.6G network (14) ndi 700M network (13).Kuchokera kumalo otsiriza, 3.5g + 2.1g terminal industry kukhwima ndi zaka 2 mpaka 3 patsogolo, makamaka 2.1g terminal kukhwima kwayandikira 3.5 / 2.6g.

Makampani okhwima ndiye maziko ochita bwino pazamalonda a 5G.Kuchokera pazimenezi, ogwira ntchito ku China omwe amamanga 5G ndi 2.1g + 3.5g ndi 700M + 2.6G maukonde ali ndi mwayi woyamba mu makampani m'zaka zikubwerazi.

2, FDD 8 t8r

Thandizani ogwira ntchito kukulitsa mtengo wa ma frequency apakati

Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe, tinyanga zambiri ndizofunikiranso kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za opareshoni ya 5G.Pakadali pano, 4T4R (tinyanga zinayi zopatsirana ndi tinyanga zinayi zolandila) ndi matekinoloje ena apasiteshoni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamanetiweki a 5G FDD ndi ogwiritsa ntchito sangathenso kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zimadza chifukwa chakukula kwa magalimoto pongowonjezera bandwidth sipekitiramu.

Komanso, pamene ogwiritsa ntchito a 5G akukula, ogwira ntchito akuyenera kuonjezera chiwerengero cha malo oyambira kuti athandizire kulumikizana kwakukulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kudzisokoneza pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito.Ukadaulo wachikhalidwe wa 2T2R ndi 4T4R wa mlongoti sugwirizana ndi chitsogozo cholondola pamlingo wa ogwiritsa ntchito ndipo sungathe kukwaniritsa mtengo wolondola, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa liwiro la ogwiritsa ntchito.

Ndi ukadaulo wamtundu wanji wa antenna womwe ungalole ogwiritsa ntchito kuti akwaniritse kufalikira kwa 5G ndikuganiziranso zinthu monga kuchuluka kwa masiteshoni ndi zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito?Monga tikudziwira, kuthamanga kwa ma netiweki opanda zingwe kumatengera momwe amagwirira ntchito potumiza ndikulandila ma sign pakati pa network base station ndi zida zomaliza monga mafoni anzeru, pomwe ukadaulo wa ma antenna angapo ukhoza kuwirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa malo oyambira (mtengo wolondola kutengera Minyanga yambiri imatha kuletsa kusokoneza).

Choncho, chitukuko chofulumira cha 5G chimafuna kusinthika kosalekeza kwa FDD ku 8T8R, Massive MIMO ndi matekinoloje ena ambiri a antenna.M'malingaliro a wolemba, 8T8R ikhala njira yomanga yamtsogolo ya 5GFDD network kuti ikwaniritse "zochitikira zonse komanso kufalitsa" pazifukwa zotsatirazi.

Choyamba, kuchokera pamalingaliro okhazikika, 3GPP yawonjezeredwa mumtundu uliwonse wa protocol ndikuganizira mozama ma terminal multi-antennas.Mtundu wa R17 uchepetsa zovuta zama terminal ndikuyesa njira yoyeserera kudzera mu chidziwitso cha gawo pakati pa magulu okwera ndi otsika a siteshoni.Mtundu wa R18 udzawonjezeranso zolemba zolondola kwambiri.

Kukhazikitsa miyezo imeneyi kumafuna osachepera masiteshoni a 5G FDD kukhala ndi ukadaulo wa 8T8R wa tinyanga.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndondomeko za R15 ndi R16 za nthawi ya 5G zathandizira kwambiri ntchito yawo ndikuthandizira 2.1g yaikulu-bandwidth 2CC CA.Ma protocol a R17 ndi R18 adzayendetsanso kusinthika kwa FDD Massive MIMO.

Kachiwiri, poyang'ana ma terminal, 4R (ma antenna anayi olandila) ya mafoni anzeru ndi ma terminals ena amatha kutulutsa mphamvu ya 2.1g 8T8R base station, ndipo 4R ikukhala masinthidwe amtundu wa 5G mafoni, omwe amatha kugwirizana ndi network kuti muwonjezere mtengo wa tinyanga zingapo.

M'tsogolomu, ma terminals a 6R / 8R adayikidwa m'makampani, ndipo ukadaulo wamakono wachitika: ukadaulo wamakonzedwe a 6-antenna wazindikirika pamakina onse, ndipo mainstream baseband 8R protocol stack yathandizidwa. purosesa ya terminal baseband.

Pepala loyera loyenera la China Telecom ndi China Unicom likuwona 5G 2.1g 4R ngati foni yam'manja yovomerezeka, yomwe ikufuna mafoni onse a 5G FDD pamsika waku China kuti athandizire Sub3GHz 4R.

Pankhani ya opanga ma terminal, mafoni apakatikati ndi apamwamba athandizira 5G FDD mid-frequency 1.8/2.1g 4R, ndipo mafoni am'tsogolo a 5G FDD amathandizira Sub 3GHz 4R, yomwe idzakhala yokhazikika.

Nthawi yomweyo, kuthekera kwa network uplink ndiye mwayi waukulu wa FDD 5G.Malinga ndi mayesowo, zokumana nazo za uplink peak za 2.1g big-bandwidth 2T (2 transmitting antennas) zadutsa ma terminals a 3.5g.Zitha kudziwikiratu kuti, motsogozedwa ndi mpikisano pamsika wama terminal komanso kufunikira kwa ogwira ntchito, mafoni apamwamba kwambiri amathandizira uplink 2T mu 2.1g band m'tsogolomu.

Chachitatu, malinga ndi zomwe zachitikira, 60% mpaka 70% ya zomwe zikuyenda pano zimachokera m'nyumba, koma khoma lolemera la simenti mkati lidzakhala chopinga chachikulu kwa siteshoni ya Acer yakunja kuti ikwaniritse kufalikira kwamkati.

2.1g 8T8R mlongoti luso ali amphamvu malowedwe ndipo akhoza kukwaniritsa Kuphunzira m'nyumba za nyumba zosaya zogona.Ndizoyenera ntchito zotsika pang'ono ndipo zimapatsa ogwiritsa ntchito mwayi wambiri pampikisano wamtsogolo.Kuphatikiza apo, poyerekeza ndi cell yachikhalidwe ya 4T4R, mphamvu ya cell ya 8T8R imachulukitsidwa ndi 70% ndipo kufalikira kumakulitsidwa ndi 4dB.

Pomaliza, potengera mtengo wogwirira ntchito ndi kukonza, mbali imodzi, ukadaulo wa 8T8R wa antenna ndiye chisankho chabwino kwambiri pazowunikira zam'matauni komanso kufalikira kumidzi yakumidzi, chifukwa ili ndi mwayi wobwereza ndipo sichiyenera kusinthidwa mkati mwa zaka 10. wogwiritsa ntchito atagulitsa.

Komano, 2.1g 8T8R mlongoti luso akhoza kupulumutsa 30% -40% ya chiwerengero cha malo poyerekeza 4T4R maukonde kumanga, ndipo akuti TCO akhoza kupulumutsa oposa 30% mu 7 zaka.Kwa ogwira ntchito, kuchepa kwa masiteshoni a 5G kumatanthauza kuti maukonde amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa m'tsogolomu, zomwe zimagwirizananso ndi cholinga cha China cha "dual carbon".

Ndikoyenera kutchula kuti zinthu zakuthambo za malo omwe alipo a 5G ndizochepa, ndipo wogwiritsa ntchito aliyense ali ndi mizati imodzi kapena ziwiri m'gawo lililonse.Tinyanga tothandizira ukadaulo wa 8T8R tinyanga tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ta 3G ndi 4G pamanetiweki amoyo, kufewetsa kwambiri tsambalo ndikusunga renti.

3, FDD 8T8R si chiphunzitso

Othandizira adayiyesa m'malo angapo

Tekinoloje ya FDD 8T8R yokhala ndi tinyanga zambiri yakhala ikugulitsidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito oposa 30 padziko lonse lapansi.Ku China, ambiri ogwira ntchito m'deralo amalizanso kutsimikizira malonda a 8T8R ndipo apeza zotsatira zabwino.

M'mwezi wa June chaka chino, Xiamen Telecom ndi Huawei adamaliza kutsegulira kwa tsamba loyamba lapadziko lonse lapansi la 4/5G dual-mode 2.1g 8T8R.Kupyolera muyeso, apeza kuti kuya kwa 5G 2.1g 8T8R kumapangidwa bwino ndi 4dB ndipo mphamvu ya downlink ikuwonjezeka ndi 50% poyerekeza ndi chikhalidwe cha 4T4R.

Mu Julayi chaka chino, China Unicom Research Institute ndi Guangzhou Unicom adalumikizana ndi Huawei kuti amalize kutsimikizira tsamba loyamba la China Unicom Group la 5G FDD 8T8R ku Outfield of Guangzhou Biological Island.Kutengera bandwidth ya FDD 2.1g 40MHz, kuyeza kwa gawo la 8T8R kumathandizira kubisala kwa 5dB komanso mphamvu ya cell mpaka 70% poyerekeza ndi cell yachikhalidwe ya 4T4R.