nkhani

Kumtunda ndi kumunsi kwa makina a mafakitale a 5G + akugwira ntchito, ndipo intaneti ya zinthu ikuyamba kugwira ntchito mu kasupe.

Kumtunda ndi kumunsi kwa mndandanda wa mafakitale a 5G + akuyesetsa kubweretsa chitukuko chofulumira cha intaneti ya Zinthu.

1.1 Munthawi ya 5G, zochitika zosiyanasiyana za iot zitha kuchitika

5G imathandizira magwiridwe antchito muzochitika zitatu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.Malinga ndi pepala loyera la 5G Vision lofalitsidwa ndi ITU's International Telecommunication Union, 5G imatanthauzira zochitika zitatu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, Ndi ntchito yowonjezera ya Mobile Broadband (eMBB) yomwe imakwezedwa kuti ikhale yoyambirira ya 4G Broadband service, ultra High Reliability ndi Low Latency ( uRLLC) pazochitika zomwe zimafuna kuyankha kwanthawi yake, komanso ntchito yolumikizana ndi makina akuluakulu (mMTC) pazochitika zomwe zida zambiri zoyankhulirana zalumikizidwa.5G ndi yabwino kwambiri kuposa maukonde omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri a 4G potengera kuchuluka kwachangu, kachulukidwe kakulumikizana, kuchedwa kwakumapeto ndi zizindikiro zina.Kuchita bwino kwa ma Spectrum kumasinthidwa ndi nthawi 5-15, ndipo mphamvu zamagetsi komanso kutsika mtengo zimasinthidwa nthawi zopitilira 100.Kuphatikiza pa kupitilira m'badwo wam'mbuyomu waukadaulo wolumikizirana ndi mafoni potengera kuchuluka kwa kutumizira, kuchuluka kwa kulumikizana, kuchedwa, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi zizindikiro zina, kusintha kwanthawi ya 5G kumathandizidwa kwambiri ndi zizindikiritso zapamwamba kwambiri, zoyendetsedwa ndi zochitika zenizeni zamabizinesi, kuti zitheke. kupereka luso la mautumiki osiyanasiyana.

Zochitika zamalumikizidwe a Iot ndizovuta komanso zosiyanasiyana.Zithunzi zomaliza za intaneti ya Zinthu zimadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu, kugawa kwakukulu, kukula kosiyanasiyana, ndi ntchito zovuta komanso zosiyanasiyana.Malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yotumizira zinthu, mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito intaneti ya Zinthu amatha kugawidwa m'magulu otsika kwambiri omwe amaimiridwa ndi kuwerenga kwanzeru kwa mita, kuwala kwanzeru mumsewu ndi kuyimitsidwa mwanzeru, ntchito zotsika kwambiri zoyimiridwa ndi zida zovala, makina a POS ndi anzeru. mayendedwe, ndi ntchito zothamanga kwambiri zomwe zimayimiridwa ndikuyendetsa basi, chithandizo chamankhwala chakutali komanso kuyang'anira makanema.

Muyezo wa 5G R16 umapereka chidziwitso chonse cha ntchito zapamwamba - komanso zotsika kwambiri pama network amdera lonse.Poyang'anizana ndi zovuta zogwiritsa ntchito intaneti ya Zinthu, njira zoyankhulirana zomwe zakhazikitsidwa pano ndizovuta kwambiri.Malingana ndi mtunda wosiyanasiyana wotumizira, zochitika zotumizira mauthenga opanda zingwe pa intaneti ya Zinthu zitha kugawidwa m'magulu apafupi (NFC), LOCAL area network (LAN) ndi network wide area (WIDE-area network).Miyezo ya 5G imatanthawuza miyezo yaukadaulo mu WIDE area network (WAN).Mu Julayi 2020, mulingo wa 5G R16 udawumitsidwa, mulingo wa NB-iot wamalo othamanga otsika komanso apakati adaphatikizidwa, ndipo Mphaka 1 idathamanga kuti ilowe m'malo mwa 2G/3G, motero idazindikira kukhazikitsidwa kwa 5G mulingo wantchito zonse.Chifukwa cha kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono, NBIoT, Cat1 ndi matekinoloje ena amagawidwa kukhala ma network a Low-power wide Area (LPWAN), omwe amatha kuzindikira kufalikira kwa ma waya opanda zingwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamayendedwe otsika kwambiri / apakatikati-otsika kwambiri monga kuwerenga kwamamita mwanzeru, nyale zamsewu zanzeru ndi zida zovala zanzeru.4G / 5G ndi njira yotumizira maulendo ataliatali, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito poyang'anira mavidiyo, telemedicine, kuyendetsa galimoto ndi zochitika zina zamalonda zomwe zimafuna nthawi yeniyeni.

1.2 Kutsitsa kwamitengo ya intaneti ya Zinthu pa intaneti & kupititsa patsogolo ntchito, Internet of Things industry

Mndandanda wamafakitale wa intaneti wa Zinthu ukhoza kugawidwa m'magulu anayi: wosanjikiza wowonera, wosanjikiza woyendetsa, wosanjikiza wa nsanja ndi wosanjikiza.M'malo mwake, intaneti ya Zinthu ndiyowonjezera pa intaneti.Pamaziko a kulumikizana pakati pa anthu, intaneti ya Zinthu imagogomezera kwambiri kugwirizana pakati pa anthu ndi zinthu komanso pakati pa zinthu.Chigawo chamalingaliro ndiye maziko a data pa intaneti ya Zinthu.Imapeza zizindikiro za analogi kupyolera mu masensa, kenako imawatembenuza kukhala zizindikiro za digito, ndipo potsirizira pake amawatumizira ku gawo la ntchito ndi gawo la zoyendera.Wosanjikiza kufala makamaka ndi udindo pokonza ndi kufalitsa zizindikiro zopezedwa ndi wosanjikiza zomverera, amene akhoza kugawidwa mu mawaya kufala ndi kufala opanda zingwe, amene kufala opanda zingwe ndi waukulu kufala mode.Chosanjikiza cha nsanja ndi cholumikizira cholumikizira, chomwe sichimangoyang'anira zida zoziziritsa kumunsi, komanso zimaperekanso dothi lopangira ma incubation omwe ali pamwamba.

Chuma chamakampani okhwima komanso mtengo wamtengo wapatali watsika, mitengo yama module yatsika kwambiri.Wireless module imaphatikiza chip, kukumbukira ndi zigawo zina, ndipo imapereka mawonekedwe okhazikika kuti azindikire kulumikizana kapena kuyika ntchito ya terminal, yomwe ndi kiyi yolumikizira gawo lamalingaliro ndi netiweki wosanjikiza.China, North America ndi Europe ndi madera atatu omwe akufunika kwambiri ma module olumikizirana ma cellular.Malinga ndi Techno Systems Research, kutumiza padziko lonse lapansi kwa ma modules olankhulana ndi ma cellular pa intaneti ya Zinthu kudzakula mpaka mayunitsi 313.2 miliyoni pofika 2022. Mtengo wa ma modules a 2G / 3G / NB-iot wachepetsedwa kwambiri pansi pazifukwa ziwiri za kukula kwa kukula. intaneti ya Zinthu zamakampani ndi njira yofulumira yosinthira tchipisi zopangidwa ku China, zomwe zachepetsa mtengo wamabizinesi a module.Makamaka, gawo la nB-iot, mu 2017, mtengo wake udakali kumanzere ndi kumanja kwa yuan 100, mapeto a 2018 mpaka 22 yuan pansipa, mtengo wa 2019 wakhala wofanana ndi 2G, kapena ngakhale wotsika.Mtengo wa ma module a 5G ukuyembekezeka kutsika chifukwa cha kukhwima kwa mafakitale, ndipo mtengo wam'mphepete mwazinthu zopangira monga tchipisi tamtunda udzachepa ndi kuchuluka kwa zotumiza.

Zofunsira m'munsi mwa mndandanda wa mafakitale zikuchulukirachulukira.Pambuyo pazaka zingapo zachitukuko, kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mochulukirachulukira kuchokera pamalingaliro kukhala zenizeni, monga kugawana njinga zamagalimoto, Chuma chogawana, chida cholipirira opanda zingwe, chipata chopanda zingwe, nyumba yanzeru, mzinda wanzeru, nzeru, mphamvu, mafakitale. ntchito monga makina osayendetsedwa, loboti, kufufuza chakudya, ulimi wothirira m'minda, ntchito zaulimi, kutsatira Magalimoto, kuyendetsa mwanzeru ndi maukonde ena agalimoto ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Kuchulukirachulukira kwamakampani a iot kumayendetsedwa makamaka ndi kuwonekera kwa mapulogalamu akumunsi.

1.3 Zimphona zimachulukitsa ndalama kuti zipititse patsogolo chuma chambiri cha intaneti ya Zinthu

Kulumikizana ndiye poyambira pa intaneti ya zinthu.Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kulumikizana kumalimbikitsana ndipo intaneti ya zinthu ikupitilira kukula.Kulumikizana pakati pa zida ndiye poyambira pa intaneti ya zinthu.Ma terminals osiyanasiyana amalumikizidwa, ndipo mapulogalamu amapangidwa.Mapulogalamu olemera nawonso amakopa ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri komanso kulumikizana ndi intaneti ya Zinthu.

Malinga ndi lipoti la GSMA, kuchuluka kwa maulumikizidwe a intaneti padziko lonse lapansi kudzakhala pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri kuchokera pa 12 biliyoni mu 2019 mpaka 24.6 biliyoni mu 2025. Kuchokera pa dongosolo la 13th lazaka zisanu, kukula kwa msika wa Internet of Things ku China ukukulirakulira. .Malinga ndi Internet of Things White Paper (2020) ya China Information and Communication Institute, kuchuluka kwa intaneti ya zinthu ku China kunali 3.63 biliyoni mu 2019, komwe kulumikizidwa kwa intaneti yazinthu zam'manja kudakhala gawo lalikulu, kukukula kuchokera pa 671 miliyoni. mu 2018 mpaka 1.03 biliyoni kumapeto kwa 2019. Pofika 2025, chiwerengero cha kugwirizana iot ku China chikuyembekezeka kufika 8.01 biliyoni, ndi pawiri pachaka kukula mlingo wa 14.1%.Pofika chaka cha 2020, kuchuluka kwa mafakitale a Internet of Things ku China kwadutsa yuan 1.7 thililiyoni, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mafakitale a Internet of Things akhalabe ndi chiwonjezeko chapachaka cha 20% mu nthawi ya 13th yazaka zisanu.

Kuchuluka kwa ma iot kupitilira kuchuluka kwa ma iot olumikizidwa kwa nthawi yoyamba mu 2020, ndipo mapulogalamu a iot atha kulowa munthawi yaphulika.Kuyang'ana mmbuyo pa chitukuko cha intaneti yam'manja, choyamba, kuchuluka kwa maulumikizidwe am'manja kwafika kukula kwakukulu, ndipo kulumikizana kwatulutsa deta yayikulu, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwaphulika.Chovuta kwambiri ndichakuti mu 2011, kutumiza kwa mafoni anzeru kudaposa kutumiza kwa PCS koyamba.Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, kukula kwachangu kwa intaneti yam'manja kwapangitsa kuti ntchito ziwonjezeke.Mu 2020, kuchuluka kwa ma intaneti a Zinthu (IoT) padziko lonse lapansi kudaposa kuchuluka kwa omwe sanalumikizane ndi ma iot koyamba, malinga ndi lipoti lochokera ku IoT Analytics.Malinga ndi lamuloli, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu pa intaneti kungayambitse vutoli.

Zimphona zachulukitsa ndalama pa intaneti ya Zinthu kuti zipititse patsogolo kutsatsa kwa ntchito yake.Pamsonkhano wa HiLink Ecology mu Marichi 2019, Huawei adakhazikitsa njira ya "1+8+N" kwa nthawi yoyamba, kenako motsatizana adayambitsa zida zingapo zomaliza monga mawotchi anzeru Watch GT 2, FreeBuds 3 mahedifoni opanda zingwe, kuti pang'onopang'ono kukulitsa chilengedwe chake cha IoT.Pa Epulo 17, 2021, galimoto yoyamba yanzeru yokhala ndi Hongmeng OS, Alpha S, idakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti Huawei aphatikiza magalimoto anzeru pamapangidwe ake azachilengedwe.Zitangochitika izi, Pa Juni 2, Huawei adakhazikitsa mwalamulo HarmonyOS 2.0, njira yapadziko lonse lapansi ya IoT yomwe imalumikiza ma PC, mapiritsi, magalimoto, zovala, ndi zina zambiri.Ponena za Xiaomi, kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2019, Xiaomi adalengeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira ya "mafoni a m'manja x AIoT", ndikukweza mwalamulo AIoT kufika pachimake choyika kutsindika kofanana pabizinesi yamafoni.Mu Ogasiti 2020, Xiaomi adalengeza kuti njira yake yayikulu mzaka khumi zikubwerazi isinthidwa kuchoka ku "foni yam'manja + AIoT" kupita "foni yam'manja × AIOT".Xiaomi amagwiritsa ntchito zida zake zosiyanasiyana kuyendetsa kutsatsa kwazithunzi zonse, kuphatikiza zojambula zakunyumba, zochitika zamunthu ndi zochitika zanzeru zamoyo za AIoT.

2 Iot kumtunda kwa ntchito kupesa

2.1 Magalimoto olumikizidwa mwanzeru: Miyezo yaukadaulo kutera + thandizo la mfundo, zinthu ziwiri zazikuluzikulu zimayendetsa chitukuko chofulumira cha intaneti ya Magalimoto

Makampani opanga magalimoto amtundu wa intaneti amaphatikizanso opanga zida, opereka chithandizo cha TSP, olankhulana, ndi zina zambiri. Makampani opanga magalimoto aku China kumtunda akuphatikizanso RFID, sensa ndi ma poyitioning chip zigawo/opanga zida, monga zapakati makamaka zikuphatikizapo opanga zida zamagalimoto, magalimoto. opanga ndi opanga mapulogalamu, kunsi kwa mtsinje kumapangidwa makamaka ndi opereka chithandizo chakutali pagalimoto (TSP), opereka mautumiki okhutira, oyendetsa ma telecommunication ndi ochita malonda ophatikiza dongosolo.

Othandizira a TSP ndiye pachimake pa intaneti yonse yamakampani a Vehicles.Wopanga zida zama terminal amapereka chithandizo cha chipangizo cha TSP;wopereka chithandizo chazinthu amapereka malemba, chithunzi, ndi mauthenga amtundu wamtundu wa TSP;wogwiritsa ntchito mafoni a m'manja amapereka chithandizo cha intaneti kwa TSP;ndi ophatikiza dongosolo kugula zofunika hardware kwa TSP.

5G C-V2X pamapeto pake ili pansi, ndikupangitsa intaneti yamagalimoto.V2X (galimoto) yolumikizana ndi ma waya opanda zingwe ndi galimoto yolumikizidwa ku chilembo china chilichonse chaukadaulo wazidziwitso, kuphatikiza V m'malo mwagalimoto, X imayimira chinthu chilichonse chodziwitsana zagalimoto, kuyanjana pakati pachidziwitso chachidziwitso kuphatikiza magalimoto ndi galimoto (V2V) , pakati pa galimoto ndi msewu (V2I), galimoto (V2P), ndi pakati pa anthu ndi pakati pa maukonde (V2N) ndi zina zotero.

V2X ili ndi mitundu iwiri yolumikizirana, DSRC (Kulumikizana kwakanthawi kochepa) ndi C-V2X (Cellular Vehicle Networking).DSRC idakwezedwa ngati mulingo wovomerezeka ndi IEEE mu 2010, ndipo idalimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndi United States.C-v2x ndiye muyezo wa 3GPP ndipo ikukankhidwa ndi China.C-v2x imaphatikizapo LTEV2X ndi 5G-V2X, yokhala ndi lT-V2X yosinthika bwino mpaka 5G-V2X yogwirizana bwino kumbuyo.C-v2x imapereka maubwino ambiri kuposa DSRC, kuphatikiza kuthandizira mtunda wautali wolumikizirana, magwiridwe antchito abwinoko osayang'ana mzere, kudalirika kwakukulu, komanso kuchuluka kwamphamvu.Kuonjezera apo, pamene 802.11p-based DSRC imafuna ma Rsus atsopano (mayunitsi am'mphepete mwa msewu), C-V2X imachokera ku ming'oma ya njuchi choncho ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ndi ma 4G / 5G omwe alipo panopa pamtengo wotsika wowonjezera.Mu Julayi 2020, muyezo wa 5G R16 ukhala wozizira.5G ndi ntchito yake yabwino kwambiri ikhoza kuthandizira kugwiritsa ntchito zochitika zambiri zapaintaneti monga V2V ndi V2I, ndipo teknoloji ya 5G-V2X idzagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono kuti ipititse patsogolo chitukuko cha magalimoto okhudzana ndi zhaopin.

United States ikupita ku C-V2X mwalamulo.Pa Novembara 8, 2020, bungwe la federal Communications Commission (FCC) lidaganiza zopatsa ma 30MHz apamwamba (5.895-5.925GHz) a 5.850-5.925GHz band ku c-v2x.Izi zikutanthauza kuti DSRC, yomwe idasangalala ndi mawonekedwe a 75MHz kwa zaka 20 zokha, yasiyidwa kotheratu ndipo United States idasinthiratu c-v2x.

Kutha kwa ndondomeko kumathandiza kufulumizitsa chitukuko cha intaneti ya magalimoto.Mu 2018, Unduna wa Zamakampani ndi Ukadaulo Wachidziwitso udapereka Ndondomeko Yantchito Yopanga Magalimoto Amtundu Wamtundu wa intaneti (Magalimoto Anzeru ndi Olumikizidwa), yomwe idaganiza zokwaniritsa cholinga cha chitukuko chamakampani a Internet of Vehicles m'magawo.Gawo loyamba ndikukwaniritsa kuchuluka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito pa intaneti ya Magalimoto opitilira 30% pofika chaka cha 2020, ndipo gawo lachiwiri ndi pambuyo pa 2020. Magalimoto olumikizidwa mwanzeru omwe ali ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kwambiri komanso 5G-V2X akugwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono pamlingo waukulu. mu malonda a malonda, kukwaniritsa mgwirizano wapamwamba pakati pa "anthu, magalimoto, misewu ndi mtambo".Mu February 2020, National Development and Reform Commission, limodzi ndi Unduna wa Zamakampani ndi Upangiri Waukadaulo ndi mautumiki ena 11 ndi makomiti, adapereka mogwirizana Strategy for Innovative Development of Smart Vehicles.Inanena kuti pofika chaka cha 2025, lT-V2X ndi maukonde ena opanda zingwe azidziwitsidwa m'malo, ndipo 5G-V2X idzagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono kumasitolo akuluakulu ndi misewu.Kenako, mu Epulo 2021, Unduna wa Zanyumba ndi Kukula Kwamatauni-Kumidzi ndi Unduna wa Zamakampani ndi Upangiri Waukadaulo mogwirizana adapereka chidziwitso, kuzindikiritsa mizinda isanu ndi umodzi, kuphatikiza Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan, Changsha ndi Wuxi, ngati gulu loyamba la mizinda yoyendetsa ntchito yopititsa patsogolo zomangamanga zamatawuni anzeru komanso magalimoto olumikizidwa mwanzeru.

Kugwiritsa ntchito malonda a "5G + Internet of Vehicles" kwayambika.Pa Epulo 19, 2021, China Mobile ndi mayunitsi ena ambiri pamodzi adapereka "WHITE Paper pa 5G Vehicle Networking Technology and Testing" kuti apititse patsogolo kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito zamagalimoto a 5G.5G idzalemeretsa kwambiri mautumiki azidziwitso, kuyenda kotetezeka komanso kuyendetsa bwino magalimoto pa intaneti ya Magalimoto.Mwachitsanzo, kutengera zochitika zitatu za eMBB, uRLLC ndi mMTC, imatha kupereka zidziwitso monga kuyimbira pavidiyo pa AR/VR, kuyenda pa AR ndi kubwereketsa nthawi yogawana magalimoto.Ntchito zotetezera pakuyendetsa galimoto monga kuzindikira pamene mukuyendetsa galimoto, kupewa kugunda kwa anthu oyenda pansi ndi kupewa kuba magalimoto, komanso ntchito zoyendetsera magalimoto bwino monga panoramic synthesis, kuyendetsa galimoto ndi kugawana malo oimika magalimoto.

2.2 Smart Home: Connection standard Matter yakhazikitsidwa kuti ipititse patsogolo kukwaniritsidwa kwa luntha lanyumba yonse.

Pambuyo pazaka zingapo zachitukuko, makina amakampani akunyumba aku China akuwonekera bwino.Nyumba yanzeru imatenga malo okhala ngati nsanja, ndikugwirizanitsa zomvetsera ndi mavidiyo, kuyatsa, mpweya, chitetezo ndi zipangizo zina m'nyumba kudzera pa intaneti ya zinthu zamakono, kupereka ntchito ndi njira monga kulamulira ndi kuyang'anira.The smart home industry unyolo makamaka amapereka hardware ndi mapulogalamu ogwirizana.Zidazi zimaphatikizapo tchipisi, masensa, PCB ndi zigawo zina, komanso zigawo zapakatikati monga ma module olankhulana.Kufika kwapakati kumapangidwa makamaka ndi ogulitsa njira zanyumba zanzeru ndi ogulitsa mankhwala anzeru kunyumba imodzi;Downstream imapatsa ogula malonda onse apaintaneti komanso osagwiritsa ntchito intaneti komanso njira zowonera, komanso mapulatifomu anzeru akunyumba ndi mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana.

Pali ma terminal ambiri apanyumba anzeru pakali pano, njira yolumikizirana yosiyana ndi mulingo wolumikizira, palibe ntchito yosalala yokwanira, zovuta zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito amakumana nazo, monga wogwiritsa ntchito wasankha zinthu zanzeru zapakhomo, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosafunikira, komanso motero maziko a muyezo kugwirizana kugwirizana ndi mkulu ngakhale nsanja ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika za chitukuko mofulumira unyolo wanzeru kunyumba makampani.

Nyumba ya Smart ili mu gawo lanzeru la kulumikizana.Kumayambiriro kwa 1984, Company of American united science and technology inasintha mfundo yanzeru yakunyumba kukhala yowona, idatsegula dziko lapansi kuti lipikisane wina ndi mnzake kuti amange nyumba yanzeru kuti atumize kuyambira pano mpaka prolopreface.

Nthawi zambiri, nyumba yanzeru imatha kugawidwa m'magawo atatu: Smart Home 1.0 ndi gawo lanzeru lokhazikika pazachinthu chimodzi.Gawoli limayang'ana kwambiri kukweza kwazinthu zanzeru zamagulu amagulu, koma chinthu chilichonse chimakhala chomwazika ndipo zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amakumana nazo ndizovuta;2.0 ndi gawo lanzeru lolumikizana ndi zochitika.Pakalipano, chitukuko cha nyumba yanzeru chiri mu siteji iyi.Kudzera pa intaneti yaukadaulo wazinthu, kulumikizana pakati pa zida zanzeru kumatha kuzindikirika, ndipo njira zonse zapanyumba zanzeru zikutuluka pang'onopang'ono;3.0 idzakhala gawo loyang'aniridwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, pomwe dongosololi lidzapatsa ogwiritsa ntchito mayankho anzeru okhazikika, ndipo luntha lochita kupanga litenga gawo lalikulu, lomwe lidzakhala ndi zotsatira zosintha pakuyanjana kwa nyumba yanzeru.

Pa Meyi 11, 2021, Protocol ya Matter, muyezo wolumikizana wanyumba wanzeru, idatulutsidwa.Matter ndi protocol yatsopano yosanjikiza yokhazikitsidwa ndi CSA Connection Standards Alliance (yomwe kale inali Zigbee Alliance).Ndi mulingo watsopano wolumikizana ndi IP womwe umangodalira protocol ya IPv6 mugawo lazonyamulira kuti igwirizane ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zolumikizirana ndi ma data.Matter, yomwe kale imadziwika kuti CHIP (Yolumikizidwa Kunyumba Pa IP), idakhazikitsidwa mu Disembala 2019 ndi Amazon, Apple, Google ndi Zigbee Alliance.CHIP ikufuna kupanga protocol yatsopano ya Smart Home kutengera malo otseguka.Matter ikufuna kuthana ndi kugawika kwa zinthu zanzeru zakunyumba.

Zitsagana ndi mapulani a gulu loyamba la mitundu yotsimikizika ya Matter ndi mitundu yanzeru yakunyumba.Zinthu zoyamba za Matter, kuphatikizapo magetsi ndi olamulira, ma air conditioners ndi ma thermostats, maloko, chitetezo, makatani, zipata, ndi zina zambiri, zikuyembekezeka kugunda pamsika kumapeto kwa chaka chino, ndi atsogoleri a CHIP protocol monga Amazon ndi Google, komanso. monga Huawei pamndandanda.

Hongmeng OS ikuyembekezeka kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha nyumba yanzeru.HarmonyOS 2.0, yomwe idzatulutsidwa mu June 2021, imagwiritsa ntchito teknoloji yomwe ili mu pulogalamuyi kuti aphatikize zipangizo.Zida zanzeru sizimangolumikizana, komanso zimagwirizana, zomwe zimalola ogwiritsa ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito zida zingapo mosavuta ngati imodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito azigwiritsa ntchito bwino.Pamsonkhano wa atolankhani ku hongmeng, Huawei adayang'ana kwambiri pakulimbikitsa intaneti yazinthu zachilengedwe.Pakadali pano, ambiri mwa othandizana nawo akuyang'anabe gawo lanyumba lanzeru, ndipo kutengapo gawo kwa Hongmeng kukuyembekezeka kulimbikitsa chitukuko chake mwachangu.

2.3 Zipangizo zovala zanzeru: Zipangizo zogulira malonda zimatsogola pakukula, pomwe zida zamankhwala zaukadaulo zimagwira

Unyolo wamafakitale wa zida zovala zanzeru zimagawidwa kumtunda / pakati / kutsika.Zovala zanzeru zimatanthawuza kuvala kwa masensa, kuphatikiza zochitika zonse zanzeru za anthu ndi zinthu, ndipo gawo lake logwiritsira ntchito limakhudza gulu lonse la intaneti ya Zinthu.Nthambi ya zida zanzeru zobvala makamaka zimayang'ana pa luntha laumunthu ndi zida zovala, zomwe makamaka zida zanzeru mu mawonekedwe a "kuvala" ndi "kuvala" kwa thupi la munthu.Unyolo wamafakitale wa zida zovala zanzeru zimagawidwa kumtunda/pakati/kutsika.Kumtunda ndi makamaka opanga mapulogalamu ndi hardware.Ma hardware amaphatikizapo tchipisi, masensa, ma module olankhulirana, mabatire, mapanelo owonetsera, ndi zina zambiri, pomwe pulogalamuyo imangotanthauza makina ogwiritsira ntchito.Mtsinje wapakati umaphatikizapo opanga zipangizo zovala zanzeru, zomwe zingagawidwe makamaka m'zinthu zogulitsira malonda monga mawotchi anzeru / zomangira m'manja, magalasi anzeru ndi zipangizo zamankhwala akatswiri.Kutsikira kwa mndandanda wamakampani makamaka kumaphatikizapo njira zogulitsira pa intaneti / pa intaneti komanso ogwiritsa ntchito kumapeto.

Kulowa kwa zida zovala zanzeru kukuyembekezeka kukwera.Lipoti lotsata la IDC likuwonetsa kuti kotala yoyamba ya 2021, msika waku China wonyamula zida zomwe zidatumizidwa zidali mayunitsi 27.29 miliyoni, pomwe zida zonyamula zanzeru zidali mayunitsi 3.98 miliyoni, kuchuluka kwamalowedwe kunali 14.6%, makamaka kusunga pafupifupi magawo aposachedwa.Ndi kukwezeleza kosalekeza kwa zomangamanga za 5G, zida zovala zanzeru, monga imodzi mwazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zikuyembekezeka kukulitsa kukula pokonzekera kuphulika kosalekeza kwa intaneti ya Zinthu.

Monga momwe amagwiritsira ntchito IoT ya ogula, zida zogwiritsira ntchito zogulitsira zanzeru zimatsogolera pakukula.Pakadali pano, zida zamalonda zamalonda ndizo zomwe zimagulitsidwa pamsika, zomwe zimawerengera pafupifupi 80% ya msika (2020), makamaka kuphatikiza mawotchi am'manja, zingwe zapamanja, zibangili ndi zinthu zina zothandizidwa ndi dzanja, nsapato, masokosi kapena zinthu zina zovalidwa. pa mwendo wothandizidwa ndi phazi, ndi magalasi, zisoti, zomangira mutu ndi zinthu zina zothandizidwa ndi mutu.Pali zifukwa zingapo za izi.Choyamba, hardware ndi mapulogalamu omwe akukhudzidwa ndi osavuta.Tengani sensa, chinthu chofunika kwambiri cha hardware mu zipangizo zomveka bwino, mwachitsanzo, chojambula cha hardware chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu wristband yanzeru ndi mutu wanzeru ndi kuyenda kosavuta / chilengedwe / biosensor.Chachiwiri, kugwiritsa ntchito zochitika zosiyanasiyana, zida zovala mwanzeru pazaumoyo, kuyenda, malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, malonda ndi ma TV ndi madera ena ambiri ali ndi zochitika zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito;Chachitatu, ali ndi chidziwitso champhamvu komanso kulumikizana.Mwachitsanzo, mawotchi anzeru amatha kupeza zambiri zazizindikiro mwakukhala pafupi ndi khungu, komanso kuyang'anira masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kuyang'anira thanzi kumatha kuchitika mosavuta komanso mwachangu.Mwachitsanzo, magalasi a VR amatha kuzindikira kujambulidwa ndi kutsata ndi manja, ndikupanga mawonekedwe owoneka bwino patsamba laling'ono kuti akwaniritse zochitika zozama.

Chiwerengero cha okalamba chikuyendetsa chitukuko cha msika wa zida zaukadaulo zaukadaulo waukadaulo.Malinga ndi kalembera wachisanu ndi chiwiri wa National Census, chiwerengero cha anthu azaka 60 ndi kupitilira apo ndi 18.7 peresenti ya anthu onse mdzikolo, ndipo anthu azaka 65 ndi kupitilira apo ndi 13.5 peresenti, 5.44 ndi 4.63 peresenti kuposa zotsatira za Kalembera wa Dziko Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. .China ili kale m'gulu la okalamba, ndipo zofuna zachipatala za okalamba zakwera kwambiri, zomwe zikubweretsa mwayi pamsika wa zida zovala zanzeru zachipatala.Akuyembekezeka kuti kukula kwa msika wa zida zaukadaulo zaku China zobvala zachipatala zikafika 33.6 biliyoni pofika 2025, ndikukula kwa 20.01% kuyambira 2021 mpaka 2025.

2.4 Ma PC Olumikizidwa Mokwanira: Kufuna kwa telecommuting kukuyembekezeka kuyendetsa kuchuluka kwa ma PC olumikizidwa kwathunthu.

PC yolumikizidwa kwathunthu, kompyuta yomwe imatha kulumikizidwa pa intaneti "nthawi iliyonse, kulikonse".PC yolumikizidwa kwathunthu imapanga gawo lolumikizirana opanda zingwe mu PC yachikhalidwe, ndikupangitsa "kulumikizana poyambira" : ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuyambitsa ntchito zapaintaneti zam'manja akayamba koyamba, kupeza kulumikizana kwa intaneti mwachangu komanso kopanda msoko, ngakhale kulibe WiFi.Pakalipano, ma modules oyankhulana opanda zingwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'mabuku apamwamba a bizinesi.

Mliriwu wayendetsa kufunikira kwa ma telecommuting, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ma module olumikizirana akuyembekezeka kukwera.Mu 2020, chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa kwa mliri, kugwira ntchito kunyumba, kuphunzira pa intaneti komanso kufunikira kwa ogula, kutumiza kwa PC kudakula kwambiri.Lipoti lotsata la IDC likuwonetsa kuti mchaka chonse cha 2020, kutumizidwa kwa msika wapadziko lonse wa PC kudzakula ndi 13.1%.Ndipo kukwera kwa kufunikira kwa ma PC kwapitilirabe, pomwe kutumiza kwa ma PC achikhalidwe padziko lonse lapansi kufika pa mayunitsi 83.6 miliyoni mgawo lachiwiri la 2021, kukwera ndi 13.2% kuchokera chaka cham'mbuyo.Nthawi yomweyo, kufuna kwa anthu ofesi ya "nthawi iliyonse komanso kulikonse" kudayamba pang'onopang'ono, ndikuyendetsa chitukuko cha PC yolumikizidwa kwathunthu.

Kulowa kwa ma PC olumikizidwa kwathunthu pano kuli pamlingo wochepa, ndipo mtengo wa magalimoto ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimalepheretsa ma netiweki am'manja pama laputopu.M'tsogolomu, ndi kusintha kwa magalimoto, kupititsa patsogolo kwa 4G / 5G kutumizidwa kwa maukonde, kulowetsedwa kwa ma modules olankhulana opanda zingwe mu PCS akuyembekezeka kuwonjezeka, ndipo kutumiza kwa PCS yolumikizidwa mokwanira kukuyembekezeka kuwonjezereka.

3. Kusanthula mabizinesi okhudzana

Ndi kufulumira kwa maukonde olankhulana ndi zomangamanga zina zokhudzana ndi zomangamanga, kufunikira kwa masensa, ma module olumikizira opanda zingwe, ma terminals a intaneti ndi zida zina zakula pang'onopang'ono.Motere, tidzafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane mabizinesi oyenera m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana:

3.1 Kulumikizana kwakutali

Wotsogolera gawo lolumikizana opanda zingwe, gawo lolima mozama kwa zaka khumi.Yuyuan Communications idakhazikitsidwa mu 2010. Pambuyo pazaka khumi zachitukuko, yakhala gawo lalikulu kwambiri lazinthu zama cell mumakampani, idasonkhanitsa ukadaulo wolemera komanso zokumana nazo, ndipo ili ndi mwayi wopikisana pazopereka, KUFUFUZA ndi chitukuko, kupanga, kugulitsa, kasamalidwe ndi ambiri. mbali zina.Kampaniyi imagwira ntchito kwambiri pakupanga, kupanga, kufufuza ndi chitukuko ndi malonda a ma modules oyankhulana opanda zingwe ndi mayankho awo pa intaneti ya Zinthu.Zogulitsa zake zimakhala ndi ma module a 2G/3G/LTE/5G/ NB-iot, WiFi & BT modules, GNSS positioning modules ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tinyanga tothandizira ma modules.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamayendedwe apagalimoto, mphamvu zanzeru, kulipira opanda zingwe, chitetezo chanzeru, mzinda wanzeru, zipata zopanda zingwe, makampani anzeru, moyo wanzeru, ulimi wanzeru ndi magawo ena ambiri.

Ndalama ndi phindu zinapitilira kukula.Mu 2020, ndalama zogwirira ntchito za kampaniyi zinali 6.106 biliyoni, kukwera ndi 47.85% chaka chilichonse;Phindu lobwerera linali 189 miliyoni yuan, kukwera ndi 27.71% chaka chilichonse.M'gawo loyamba la 2021, ndalama zogwirira ntchito za kampaniyo zinali 1.856 biliyoni, kukwera 80.28% chaka chilichonse;Phindu lonse linali 61 miliyoni yuan, kukwera 78.43% chaka ndi chaka.Kukula kwa ndalama zomwe kampaniyo imapeza chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma module a LTE, LTEA-A, LPWA ndi 5G.Mu 2020, zotumiza zopanda zingwe za kampaniyo zidapitilira zidutswa 100 miliyoni.

Tikhalabe ndi ndalama zambiri za r&d kuti tilimbikitse chitukuko chokhazikika.Mu 2020, ndalama za R&D za kampaniyi zidafika 707 miliyoni yuan, ndikukula chaka ndi chaka ndi 95.41%.Kuwonjezekaku kumabwera makamaka pakuwonjezeka kwa chipukuta misozi, kutsika kwamtengo wapatali ndi ndalama zachindunji, zomwe malipiro a antchito adafikira 73.27% ya ndalama za R&D.Mu 2020, kampaniyo idakhazikitsa likulu la R&D ku Foshan, pakadali pano kampaniyo ili ndi malo asanu a r&d ku Shanghai, Hefei, Foshan, Belgrade ndi Vancouver.Kampaniyo ili ndi antchito opitilira 2000 r & D, kuti kampaniyo isunge ndikukhazikitsa mogwirizana ndi kufunikira kwa msika wazinthu zatsopano kuti ipereke mphamvu zosunga zobwezeretsera.

Onani zochitika zamagawo kuti mupeze phindu labizinesi yamitundumitundu.Mu 2020, kampaniyo idayambitsa ma projekiti angapo amtundu wamagalimoto a 5G, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mabizinesi oyika magalimoto kumawonjezeka kwambiri.Yapereka chithandizo kwa othandizira oposa 60 Tier1 ndi ma OEM opitilira 30 odziwika padziko lonse lapansi.Kuphatikiza pa gawo lolumikizirana opanda zingwe, kampaniyo idakulitsanso bolodi yoyeserera ya EVB, mlongoti, nsanja yamtambo ndi mautumiki ena, omwe pakati pa intaneti ya Zinthu mtambo nsanja ndi kampaniyo kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, pofuna kuthandiza makasitomala kukwaniritsa mapeto- kutsiriza zochitika zamabizinesi m'njira yosavuta komanso yothandiza.

Wide ndi 3.2

Wotsogola padziko lonse lapansi pa intaneti wa Zinthu zolumikizirana opanda zingwe ndi ma module opanda zingwe.Fibocom idakhazikitsidwa mu 1999 ndipo idalembedwa pa Shenzhen Stock Exchange mu 2017, kukhala kampani yoyamba kutchulidwa mumakampani opanga ma module aku China opanda zingwe.Kampaniyo imapanga pawokha ndikupanga ma module apamwamba kwambiri a 5G/4G/LTE Cat 1/3G/2G/ NB-iot/LTE Cat M/ Android/Android opanda zingwe zolumikizirana ndi ndege, ndipo imapereka kulumikizana kopanda zingwe pa intaneti mpaka kumapeto. mayankho kwa ogwira ntchito pa telecom, opanga zida za IoT ndi ophatikiza makina a IoT.Pambuyo pazaka zopitilira 20 za kuchuluka kwa matekinoloje a M2M ndi iot, kampaniyo yatha kupereka njira zoyankhulirana za iot ndi mayankho makonda pafupifupi mafakitale onse ofukula.

Ndalamazo zidakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo bizinesi yakunja idakula mwachangu.Mu 2020, ndalama zogwirira ntchito za kampaniyo zinali 2.744 biliyoni yuan, kukwera 43.26% chaka chilichonse;Phindu lonse linali 284 miliyoni yuan, kukwera 66.76% chaka ndi chaka.Mu 2020, bizinesi yamakampani akunja idakula mwachangu, ndikupeza ndalama zokwana 1.87 biliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 61.37%, gawo la ndalama lidakwera kuchoka pa 60.52% mu 2019 mpaka 68.17%.M'gawo loyamba la 2021, ndalama zogwirira ntchito za kampaniyo zinali 860 miliyoni yuan, kukwera 65.03% chaka chilichonse;Phindu lobwerera kunyumba linali 80 miliyoni yuan, kukwera 54.35% chaka ndi chaka.

Zogulitsa za kampaniyi zimaphatikizapo magawo awiri a M2M/MI.M2M imaphatikizapo kulipira kwa mafoni, intaneti yamagalimoto, gridi yanzeru, kuyang'anira chitetezo, ndi zina zotero. MI imaphatikizapo piritsi, notebook, e-book ndi zinthu zina zamagetsi zamagetsi.Mu 2014, kampaniyo inalandira ndalama kuchokera ku Intel, motero inalowa m'munda wa makompyuta.Yakhazikitsa maubwenzi abwino ogwirizana ndi mabizinesi otsogola monga Lenovo, HP, Dell ndi ena otero, ndi mwayi woyambira woyamba.Mu 2020, mliriwu wadzetsa kufalikira kwa kufunikira kwa ma telecommunication komanso kuchuluka kwa kutumiza kwa laputopu.M'tsogolomu, mliriwu udzakhala ndi zotsatira za nthawi yayitali pa ntchito ndi moyo, choncho bizinesi ya MI ya kampaniyo ikuyembekezeka kupitiriza kukula.Mu Julayi 2020, kampaniyo idapeza katundu wabizinesi yapadziko lonse lapansi ya Sierra Wireless yodzaza magalimoto kudzera mu kampani ya Ruling Wireless, ndipo idakhazikitsa njira zapadziko lonse lapansi za msika wamagalimoto akutsogolo.Pa Julayi 12, 2021, Kampani inapereka “Plan Kupereka Magawo ndi Kulipira ndalama kuti igule Chuma ndi Kukweza Ndalama Zothandizira”, ikukonzekera kupeza 51% ya Ruiling Wireless, kuzindikira kuti Ruiling Wireless ili ndi eni ake onse, ndikukulitsa Kulowa kwamakampani pamakampani pa intaneti yamagalimoto.

3.3 Pitani ku kulumikizana

Kuzama kwazaka zambiri m'munda wa Internet of things terminal leader.Move for Communication idakhazikitsidwa mu 2009, bizinesi yayikulu yofufuza ndi chitukuko ndi malonda a iot terminal ndi malonda, zinthu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuwongolera magalimoto, kasamalidwe kazinthu zam'manja, kulumikizana kwamunthu komanso magawo anayi akuluakulu a kasamalidwe ka nyama, perekani kwa makasitomala, kuphatikiza mayendedwe, mafoni anzeru, famu yanzeru, kulumikizana kwanzeru, ndi madera ena ambiri a yankho.

Mliriwu utachepa, ndalama zomwe kampaniyo amapeza komanso phindu lobweza limapezeka.Mu 2020, kampaniyo idapeza ndalama zogwirira ntchito za yuan 473 miliyoni, kutsika ndi 24.91% chaka chilichonse;Phindu lake linali 90.47 miliyoni yuan, kutsika ndi 44.25% pachaka.M'gawo loyamba la 2021, ndalama zogwirira ntchito zinali 153 miliyoni yuan, kukwera ndi 58.09% chaka chilichonse;Phindu la eni nyumba linafika pa 24.73 miliyoni yuan, kukwera ndi 28.65% chaka chilichonse.Bizinesi ya kampaniyi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamsika wakunja, ndipo ndalama zakunja zinali 88.06% mu 2020. Pakati pawo, North America ndi South America, madera akuluakulu ogulitsa, adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mliriwu, womwe unakhudza kwambiri. momwe kampaniyo ikuyendera.Komabe, ndi kuwongolera kwa mliri kunyumba komanso kuyambiranso kwapang’onopang’ono kwa ntchito ndi kupanga m’maiko akunja, malonda a kampaniyo anawonjezereka kwambiri ndipo mikhalidwe yabizinesi yake inapita patsogolo.

Limirirani pamisika yapadziko lonse lapansi komanso yapakhomo.Padziko lonse lapansi, kampaniyo yakhala mtsogoleri wazogulitsa nyama pamsika waku Australia, ndipo yapanga misika kuphatikiza Europe, South America, North America ndi Africa.Pazinthu zotsatiridwa ndi nyama, kampaniyo idakhazikitsa nsanja ya e-commerce, yomwe sinangowonjezera bizinesi yonse, komanso idachepetsanso bwino zomwe mliriwu udabwera pakukula kwa bizinesi.Ku China, mu Marichi 2021, kampaniyo idapambana bwino ntchito yogulira zowerengera za intaneti ya Zinthu (zokhazikika, zogwira m'manja) za China Construction Bank Co., LTD., kuwonetsa kuti kampaniyo yakhazikitsa pang'onopang'ono chidziwitso cha mtundu wake msika wapakhomo.

3.4 akuwonekera

Kampaniyo ndiyomwe ikutsogola padziko lonse lapansi zopangira ndi ntchito za mzinda wa smart iot.Gao Xinxing inakhazikitsidwa mu 1997 ndipo inalembedwa pa Growth Enterprise Market mu 2010. Kampaniyo yadzipereka kuti ifufuze ndi kupanga mankhwala ndi matekinoloje okhudzana ndi malingaliro, kugwirizana ndi nsanja yokhazikika pa Zomangamanga za Internet of Things.Kuyambira pakugwiritsa ntchito makina otsika a Internet of Things, kutengera ukadaulo waukadaulo wamalumikizidwe opanda zingwe ndi UHF RFID, kampaniyo yazindikira njira yophatikizira yoyima ya "terminal + application" ya intaneti ya Zinthu.Kampaniyo imayang'ana kwambiri magawo ogwiritsira ntchito monga intaneti yamagalimoto, mayendedwe anzeru komanso chidziwitso chachitetezo cha anthu, ndipo ili ndi mayankho ambiri monga deta yamtambo, chitetezo cholumikizirana, ndalama zanzeru, apolisi anzeru, intaneti yazinthu zamagetsi, mzinda wanzeru, njanji yanzeru, kasamalidwe katsopano ka magalimoto ndi makanema amtambo.

Chilengedwe chachikulu komanso kusakhazikika kwa msika kudapangitsa kuti ndalama zichepe.Mu 2020, kampaniyo idapeza ndalama zogwirira ntchito za 2.326 biliyoni, kutsika ndi 13.63% chaka chilichonse;Phindu lonse kwa kholo - 1.103 biliyoni yuan.M'gawo loyamba la 2021, kampaniyo idapeza ndalama zogwirira ntchito za yuan 390 miliyoni ndi phindu lokwanira -56.42 miliyoni yuan, zomwe sizinasinthe kuyambira nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha.Izi ndichifukwa chakukhudzidwa kwa nkhondo yamalonda pakati pa China ndi United States komanso mliri wa COVID-19 womwe ukupitilira kutsidya lina, zomwe zidakhudza bizinesi yakunja kwa kampaniyo mu 2020.

Ukadaulo waukadaulo wapaintaneti wa Zinthu ndi nzeru zopangira makanema.Kampaniyo ili ndi intaneti yambiri yazinthu zamagetsi zolumikizirana opanda zingwe zomwe zimaphimba machitidwe osiyanasiyana ochezera a pa intaneti, zinthu zotsogola, komanso kudzera ku Europe, United States, Japan, Australia ndi ziphaso zina zapadziko lonse lapansi.Kuphatikiza apo, kampaniyo ilinso ndiukadaulo wapaintaneti wamagalimoto, ukadaulo wa UHF RFID, ukadaulo wa data yayikulu ndiukadaulo wanzeru zopanga, ukadaulo wa AR ndi matekinoloje ena.Pofika chaka cha 2020, kampaniyo ndi mabungwe omwe ali nawo ali ndi ma patent opitilira 1,200 ogwiritsidwa ntchito komanso ma Copyrights opitilira 1,100 apulogalamu, omwe amadziwika bwino pamsika komanso amtengo wapatali.